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Solubility Techniques Comparison

What is your solubility screen really costing?

HPLC-MS, HPLC-UV, DLS, or ORYL F1? Compare techniques head-to-head across cost, time, and sustainability using published per-plate consumption data — adjusted to your lab’s economics.

Three dimensions, one screen

Solubility screening has a hidden bill

Cost

It’s not just the consumables

HPLC-MS bills hide behind filter plates, vials, and column life — but the real driver is compound burn. At 1000 CHF/mg, dispensing 50 μL per well into HPLC vials destroys budgets before the assay even runs.

Time

Throughput moves portfolio decisions

Hands-on time on HPLC-MS, HPLC-UV and DLS is modest — ~90 min per 384-well plate to prep, calibrate and load. The real cost is elapsed time: column runs stretch into days before results reach a decision-maker. ORYL F1 finishes the same plate in ~15 minutes — weeks of feedback time recovered across a campaign.

Sustainability

The ESG number nobody calculates

Even a modest 100 HPLC-MS plates at 384-well format already burn ~600 L of acetonitrile and ~3.8 MWh of electricity. Add the embodied CO₂ of every compound destroyed in the assay, and the campaign carries a measurable ~3-tonne CO₂e footprint — for a line item nobody usually counts.

Your screening campaign

Set your volume and economics — the four techniques compare instantly.

Currency
Plate format
Plates screened per year 100
Total plate-runs across the year — drives every annualized number below. Typical medicinal-chem campaign: 100–500 plates/year. Table 4 reference point: 1,000 plates.
Compound cost 100 / mg
Early discovery libraries: 5–50 / mg. Medicinal-chem leads: 100–500 / mg. Clinical candidates: up to 1,000+ / mg
Compound molecular weight 500 g/mol
Typical small-molecule drug MW: 350–550 g/mol (Lipinski Rule-of-5). Default 500 matches ORYL platform spec reference molecule.
Stock concentration 10 mM
DMSO stock concentration. Industry-standard screening library: 10 mM. ORYL platform spec basis: 10 mM.
FTE annual cost (fully loaded) 120K
Fully-loaded scientist cost (salary + benefits + overhead). EU pharma research scientist: 100–150K; US: 130–200K.
Electricity rate 0.18 / kWh
EU non-household average 2H2025 ≈ €0.18/kWh (Eurostat). Range: Finland 0.07 → Ireland 0.26.
Solvent cost (HPLC-grade) 25 / L
HPLC-grade ACN bulk pricing: ~20–25 EUR/L (55-gal drum, Lab Alley). 4-L bottle: ~100 EUR/L. Includes disposal cost.
Instrument lifetime 7 yr
Straight-line depreciation period for all instruments. Typical lab analytical equipment: 5–10 years; IRS asset class 36 (lab apparatus): 7 years.
Sustainability factors
Electricity carbon intensity 0.30 kg CO₂/kWh
EU avg ≈ 0.25, global ≈ 0.45, coal-heavy grid ≈ 0.85 (Our World in Data)
Solvent carbon intensity 1.7 kg CO₂/L
ACN high-purity LCA ≈ 2.2 kg CO₂/kg × 0.786 g/mL ≈ 1.7 kg CO₂/L (ACS Sustainable Chem & Eng, 2024)
Compound synthesis CO₂ 100 kg CO₂/g
Commercial optimized API (kg-batch, optimized routes): 0.05–1 kg/g — McKinsey, ACS GCI.
Discovery / medicinal-chem screening (mg–g batches, multi-step, chromatography): 10–100 kg/g ← default sits here.
Complex molecules, natural-product analogs, peptides (10–15 steps, low overall yield): 100–500 kg/g.
Total synthesis / target-oriented research (very low yields, lots of failed routes): 500+ kg/g.
ORYL F1

Defaults align with ORYL Table 4 (1,000 plates: 27 k EUR, 2 L solvent, 281 kWh) and the platform-comparison spec sheet (0.5–3 μL/datapoint, ~15 min per 384-well plate). Note: Table 4's "33 days" was reported under the legacy single-time convention; this calculator splits operator (hands-on) and measurement (elapsed) time independently.

Compound volume per well 2 μL
ORYL platform spec: 0.5–3 μL/datapoint. Default 2 μL is mid-range.
Operator time per plate 10 min
Hands-on time only: load plate, start the run, review the result. ORYL F1 is fast enough that hands-on and instrument time nearly overlap.
Measurement time per plate 15 min
ORYL platform spec: ~15 min per 384-well plate. Total instrument run time, start-to-finish. Drives the Time-saved metric.
Consumables per plate 30
ORYL F1 plate consumables for 384-well operation. Plate + buffer + small reagent set.
Solvent (buffer) per plate 10 mL
Per Table 4: 2 L total for 1,000 plates = 2 mL/plate. No HPLC — just buffer for dilution.
Electricity per plate 0.40 kWh
Laser + temperature control + plate transport for 384-well operation.
Instrument capital 350K
ORYL F1 platform list price — adjust to your quoted price.
HPLC-UV

Same column-based HPLC separation as HPLC-MS — only the detector differs. UV detection is ~10–100× less sensitive than MS, so higher compound mass is required per injection. Solvent consumption is identical to HPLC-MS for matched flow & gradient.

Compound volume per well 75 μL
UV requires higher concentration / larger injection vs MS. Typical 2–4× HPLC-MS.
Operator time per plate 90 min
Hands-on time only: sample prep, calibration, vial loading and analysis review. The HPLC-UV run itself is automated — the operator is free during column runs.
Measurement time per plate 1,536 min
Unattended column run: ~4 min/injection × 384 wells ≈ 1,536 min (~25.6 h). The operator is free, but the campaign waits for the run to finish before the next plate starts. Drives the Time-saved metric.
HPLC flow rate 1.30 mL/min
Standard analytical HPLC flow for 2.1–4.6 mm columns. Identical to HPLC-MS for matched method.
Run time per injection 4 min
Separation + equilibration. Same as HPLC-MS. (Table 3 footnote reference: 5 min total per well.)
Solvent reservoirs (gradient) 3
Number of mobile-phase reservoirs (water + ACN + MeOH typical). Per Table 3 footnote: 3 reagents.
Solvent per plate (derived) 5,990 mL
flow × runtime × streams × wells/plate. At 384-well defaults: 1.3 × 4 × 3 × 384 ≈ 6 L/plate.
Consumables per plate 1,050
Filter plate + HPLC vials (2.73/well × 384) + column. Slightly less than HPLC-MS (no MS maintenance). (96-well: ≈ 270.)
Electricity per injection 0.03 kWh
HPLC pump + column oven + UV detector. UV draws ~3× less power than MS.
Instrument capital 80K
HPLC + UV detector. MS detector alone typically adds 250–400K.
DLS

Plate-based DLS (e.g. Wyatt DynaPro PlateReader). Reads directly in microwell plate — no HPLC, so solvent and electricity profile are similar to ORYL F1.

Compound volume per well 7 μL
Wyatt DynaPro min: 4 μL (PlateReader III) / 5 μL (PR II) / 20–25 μL (Aurora, Corning plates). Platform sheet: 5–10 μL.
Operator time per plate 10 min
Hands-on time only: load plate, configure read, review output. The Wyatt DynaPro PlateReader runs unattended once started.
Measurement time per plate 90 min
Wyatt: 384-well plate in ~90 min (~14 s/well + overheads, unattended). (96-well: ≈ 45 min.) Drives the Time-saved metric.
Consumables per plate 40
384-well DLS plate consumables + buffer. Comparable to ORYL F1 plate cost.
Solvent (buffer) per plate 40 mL
Buffer for dilution at 384 wells. Similar profile to ORYL F1. (96-well: ≈ 4 mL.)
Electricity per plate 0.30 kWh
Laser + temperature control + plate transport. Comparable to ORYL F1 per-plate draw.
Instrument capital 90K
Wyatt DynaPro PlateReader: ~80–150K new; used market ~12K
HPLC-MS

Solvent is derived from the HPLC run: flow × runtime × streams × wells/plate. Defaults reproduce Table 3 footnote (1.3 mL/min × 5 min × 3 reagents × 96 wells ≈ 1.95 L/plate).

Compound volume per well 50 μL
ORYL platform sheet: ">50 μL per datapoint" for LC-MS. Standard kinetic-solubility protocols: 10–50 μL DMSO stock + QC/calibration overhead.
Operator time per plate 90 min
Hands-on time only: sample prep, calibration, vial loading and analysis review. The HPLC-MS run itself is automated — the operator is free during column runs.
Measurement time per plate 1,536 min
Unattended column run: ~4 min/injection × 384 wells ≈ 1,536 min (~25.6 h). The operator is free, but elapsed time stretches into days before results land on a decision-maker's desk. Drives the Time-saved metric.
HPLC flow rate 1.30 mL/min
Total mobile-phase flow through the column
Run time per injection 4 min
Separation + equilibration per well injection. (Table 3 footnote reference: 5 min total per well.)
Solvent reservoirs (gradient) 3
Number of mobile-phase reservoirs (e.g. water + ACN + MeOH)
Solvent per plate (derived) 5,990 mL
flow × runtime × streams × wells/plate. At 384-well defaults: 1.3 × 4 × 3 × 384 ≈ 6 L/plate.
Consumables per plate 1,100
Filter plate (~55) + HPLC vials (2.73/well × 384 ≈ 1,048) + column wear. (96-well: ≈ 292.)
Electricity per injection 0.10 kWh
HPLC pump + column oven + MS. Per-well: 0.10 kWh → 384-well plate ≈ 38 kWh; 96-well ≈ 10 kWh (Table 4 reference).
Instrument capital 400K
Agilent 6475 / Waters Xevo triple quad new: $350–500K (Excedr). Refurbished: $75–150K. Range covers entry to high-end.

Per-plate defaults target 384-well operation — the dominant high-throughput format in modern screening. HPLC techniques: 1.3 mL/min × 5 min × 3 gradient reagents × 384 wells ≈ 7.5 L solvent/plate. Measurement (unattended column run) ≈ 1,920 min (32 h) per plate; hands-on operator time ≈ 90 min. HPLC vial consumption scales linearly (≈ 1,100 EUR vs ≈ 292 EUR per plate at 96-well). Plate readers (ORYL F1, DLS) keep solvent and electricity roughly constant per plate but compound consumption scales with wells. Switch the plate-format toggle to 96-well and scale time/consumable sliders down ~4× to approach Table 4 reference points.

HPLC-MS solvent is derived from the run, not entered directly. Per plate = flow rate × runtime × number of solvent reservoirs × wells/plate. Defaults (1.3 mL/min × 5 min × 3 reagents × 96 wells) yield ≈ 1.87 L/plate, matching Table 3's reported 1.95 L. Switch to 384-well and solvent scales 4× automatically.

HPLC-UV is full column HPLC with a UV detector — only the detection step differs from HPLC-MS. Solvent consumption is identical for matched gradient & flow. UV detection is ~10–100× less sensitive than MS, so compound mass per injection must be higher (default 100 μL/well vs HPLC-MS's 50 μL). UV instruments are substantially cheaper than MS (≈80K EUR vs 400K) and draw less power.

Compound mass per well = volume × stock × MW. At defaults (10 mM × 500 g/mol) ORYL F1's 2 μL/well uses 10 μg; HPLC-MS's 50 μL uses 250 μg; UV-Plate's 5 μL uses 25 μg. The 1000 CHF/mg figure from the spec sheet refers to late-stage compounds — typical screening libraries are 10–100 EUR/mg (default: 100).

Time is modelled as two independent inputs per technique: operator time is hands-on only (prep, calibration, loading, review) and drives FTE cost (260 days × 8 h = 2,080 hr/yr per scientist). Measurement time is the elapsed instrument run — unattended column work or plate scans — and drives the headline "Time saved" metric, displayed in instrument-days at a 24-hour convention. The two are not added: a 90 min operator window can overlap a 1,920 min HPLC run, so total elapsed campaign time is bounded by measurement, not operator.

Sustainability factors are literature-validated. Defaults: electricity 0.30 kg CO₂/kWh (between EU avg 0.25 and global 0.45, Our World in Data); ACN 1.7 kg CO₂/L (= 2.2 kg/kg × 0.786 g/mL density, ACS Sustainable Chem & Eng 2024); compound 100 kg CO₂/g — the discovery / medicinal-chem mid-range. Compound CO₂ scales sharply with synthesis complexity: commercial optimized API 0.05–1 kg/g, discovery med-chem screening 10–100 kg/g, complex molecules / natural products / peptides 100–500 kg/g, total synthesis 500+ kg/g. The compound number is upstream — it encapsulates the solvents, reagents, catalysts and synthesis energy used to make the molecule, and is independent of the assay's direct solvent and electricity consumption (no double-counting).

Capital and maintenance are amortized straight-line over the chosen instrument lifetime. Maintenance is 10% of capital/year for plate readers and 12% for HPLC-MS. Both costs amortize across the year's plate volume.

Plate format scales compound and HPLC solvent. Compound mass scales linearly with wells (96 → 384 = 4× more compound). HPLC-MS solvent also scales linearly with wells via the derived formula. Plate-reader techniques (UV-Plate, DLS, ORYL F1) hold solvent constant per plate.

Currency conversion (May 2026 approximations): 1 EUR = 0.96 CHF = 1.08 USD. All currency-denominated sliders are in the selected currency; internal math runs in EUR.

Switching to ORYL F1 saves you
Cost saved / year
Time saved / year
Adjust the inputs on the left to model your campaign. ORYL F1 advantage grows non-linearly with compound cost.
Sustainability avoided / year
ORYL F1 vs HPLC-MS
Solvent avoided
L
Electricity avoided
kWh
CO₂e avoided
kg
Compound preserved
g
FTE freed
FTE
Equivalent
CO₂e analogy
CO₂e avoided — breakdown by source — kg total
kg from solvent
kg from electricity
kg from compound
Annualised totals — all four techniques At 1,000 plates/year × 384-well
HPLC-MS HPLC-UV DLS ORYL F1
Total cost
Total time
Compound used
Solvent used
Electricity
CO₂e footprint
Annual cost components Where the money goes — per technique
HPLC-MS HPLC-UV DLS ORYL F1
Compound
Consumables
Solvent
Electricity
FTE time
Capital + maintenance
Annual total
Methodology

How the numbers are calculated

Every annualized output is a per-plate parameter multiplied by your plates-per-year input. The model is fully transparent — here are the nine formulas behind the four-technique comparison.

1

Compound mass per data point

mg/well = (vol_μL × stock_mM × MW) ÷ 1,000,000
Example (HPLC-MS): 50 × 10 × 500 ÷ 10⁶ = 0.25 mg/well

Multiplied by wells/plate × plates/year gives the annual compound mass consumed. At 384-well × 100 plates: 0.25 × 384 × 100 = 9.6 g/year.

2

HPLC solvent per plate (derived)

mL/plate = flow × runtime × streams × wells
HPLC-MS, 384-well: 1.3 × 4 × 3 × 384 = 5,990 mL/plate

Table 3 footnote reference (5 min × 96 wells) gives 1,872 mL/plate, within 4% of the published 1,950 mL. Default runtime is 4 min/injection here; raise to 5 to match the Table 3 baseline.

3

HPLC electricity per plate (derived)

kWh/plate = elec_per_injection × wells
HPLC-MS, 384-well: 0.10 × 384 = 38.4 kWh/plate

Per-injection energy (HPLC pump + column oven + MS detector) scales linearly with well count. UV detector draws ~3× less than MS.

4

Elapsed measurement time per year

elapsed_days = (meas_min × plates) ÷ (60 × 24)
HPLC-MS, 100 plates × 1,536 min: 153,600 min = 107 instrument-days

24-hour day convention — instruments run unattended and aren’t constrained to operator shift hours. This is the number that feeds the “Time saved” headline: how long the campaign occupies an instrument before results arrive.

5

Operator (hands-on) time & FTE

op_hours_year = op_min × plates ÷ 60 FTE = op_hours_year ÷ (260 × 8)
HPLC-MS, 90 min × 100 plates: 150 hr/yr → 0.07 FTE

Operator time is hands-on only (prep, calibration, loading, review). It excludes unattended column runs and plate reads. FTE = fraction of one scientist working 260 days × 8 hours = 2,080 hr/yr. This drives the FTE-time cost line.

6

Capital + maintenance per year

annual = (capital ÷ lifetime) + (capital × maint%)
HPLC-MS, 400K, 7yr, 12%: 57,143 + 48,000 = 105K/yr

Straight-line depreciation. Default lifetime 7 yr (IRS lab-equipment class 36). Maintenance 10% (plate readers) or 12% (HPLC-MS).

7

Total annual cost (per technique)

total = compound + consumables + solvent + electricity + FTE + capital
HPLC-MS default total: ≈ 1.2 M EUR/year

Every line item amortized across the year’s plate count. Currency conversion is applied to the final display only — internal math runs in EUR.

8

CO₂e total — three independent sources

CO₂ = solvent_L × 1.7
+ elec_kWh × 0.30
+ cpd_g × 100
HPLC-MS default: 1,018 + 1,152 + 960 ≈ 3.1 t CO₂/yr

Solvent = ACN cradle-to-grave LCA; electricity = grid carbon intensity; compound = upstream synthesis embodied CO₂. No double counting — compound figure encapsulates synthesis solvents/energy separately.

9

ORYL F1 savings vs comparator

saved = comparator_value − ORYL_F1_value % = saved ÷ comparator × 100
Cost saved vs HPLC-MS: 1.2 M − 0.13 M = 1.07 M (89%)

Computed independently per metric (cost, time, solvent, electricity, CO₂, compound). The headline percentages show fractional reduction vs the comparator at current input settings.

References & sources

How the defaults were derived

Every per-plate baseline traces back to a published number — either ORYL Photonics’ internal whitepaper (Tables 3 & 4), the platform comparison sheet, or peer-reviewed and vendor literature for HPLC solubility workflows.

ORYL Photonics source data

  • Table 3 — HPLC-MS per 96-well plate breakdown. Calibration 190 min, sample prep 150 min, filtration 1 min, separation (HPLC) 384 min, measurement ~2 min — total ≈ 727 min. Solvent ≈ 1,950 mL (flow 1.3 mL/min × 5 min × 3 reagents × 96 wells). Filter plate ≈ 55 EUR; HPLC vials ≈ 2.73 EUR/well × 96 = 276 EUR.
    ORYL Photonics solubility whitepaper, Table 3.
  • Table 4 — innovation impact, 1,000 plates. UV-Plate 66 k EUR / 199 days / 4 L / ~500 kWh. HPLC-MS 292 k EUR / 465 days / 2,000 L / ~10,000 kWh. FASS (ORYL F1) 27 k EUR / 33 days / 2 L / ~281 kWh — 90% cost, 93% time, 99% reagents, 97% electricity saved.
    ORYL Photonics solubility whitepaper, Table 4.
  • Platform comparison sheet — High-throughput, low-compound & sensitive screening. ORYL: 0.5–3 μL/datapoint, ~15 min per 384-well plate, <1 μM sensitivity, 10 Da–1 MDa range. Nephelometry: 5–10 μL, 75 min, >20 μM. SLS/DLS: 5–10 μL, 120–240 min, 8–14.9 μM. LC-MS: >50 μL, >8 h, <1 μM. Cost basis: 1,000 CHF/mg, ~500 g/mol, 10 mM stock — 1,500 CHF/day cost of instrument time.
    ORYL Photonics platform comparison fact-sheet.

HPLC solubility methodology — external references

Ready to put real numbers behind your screening strategy?

Send us your typical plate volume and compound budget. Our team can walk you through how ORYL F1 fits into your workflow and where the breakeven lies for your portfolio.